![\"evolution](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/crowdsourcing-entwicklung.webp\")
\r\n<\/p>\r\n
A glance at history<\/h2>\r\n\r\n18th century – Longitudes and soda<\/h3>\r\n
The origins of crowdsourcing can be traced back to the 18th century. In 1714, the British government invited tenders for the “Longitude Prize.” This prize was endowed with 20,000 Pounds and was to be awarded to someone who could develop a reliable method of calculating the longitude of a vessel while at sea.<\/p>\r\n
In 1783, the French king, Louis XVI, awarded a prize for the production of pure soda, which is also known as sodium carbonate.<\/p>\r\n
Finding solutions to both problems was therefore not assigned to experts, instead, the crowd was given the task. The Longitude Prize went to John Harrison, a clockmaker, who calculated the longitude with the help of very accurate watches. The soda problem was solved by Nicolas Leblanc.<\/p>\r\n\r\n
19th century – Oxford English Dictionary<\/h3>\r\n
In the 19th century, several extremely smart people called for a re-examination of the entire English language. This was the birth of the Oxford English Dictionary. No, not quite the birth – they were not yet ready to go into labor yet. Individuals could not carry out a project of this magnitude. In 1879, on the spur of the moment, the philosopher James Murray asked his English-speaking readers to send him references to everyday and unusual words. His request met with a huge positive response. The Oxford English Dictionary is therefore the first project in which a task was outsourced to a crowd – crowdsourcing in the truest sense of the word.<\/p>\r\n\r\n
20th century – Three examples of crowdsourcing projects in the analogue era<\/h3>\r\n\r\n- In 1919, Planters Peanuts started a design contest to develop their logo.<\/li>\r\n
- In 1979, Tim and Nina Zagat established the “Zagat Restaurant Guide” for which they initially used the ratings given by their friends and later a larger community.<\/li>\r\n
- 1981 marked the publication of the third “Lonely Planet” travel guide. Travellers provided this guide with tips and tricks and corrected information relevant to the destination. <\/li>\r\n\t<\/ul>\r\n
However, crowdsourcing only experienced a boom with the development of Web 2.0 – the Internet form that permitted an interaction between users. <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\nCrowdsourcing in the age of Web 2.0<\/h3>\r\nFirst attempts: from Interpedia to Nupedia and Wikipedia<\/h4>\r\n
One of the first crowdsourcing projects of Web 2.0 and one of its most popular is the online encyclopedia, Wikipedia. <\/p>\r\n
Wikipedia is probably based on an idea by the Internet pioneer, Rick Gates, who presented the idea of an encyclopedia in the World Wide Web to a Usenet newsgroup in 1993. However, the Interpedia project never got any further than the planning stage. Inspired by Richard Stallman in 1999, GNUPedia, did not make it either. <\/p>\r\n
It ultimately became a “fun project.”<\/strong><\/p>\r\n![\"logo](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/crowdsourcing-nupedia.jpg\")
\r\nNupedia logo (source: Wikipedia)<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\nNupedia was founded in March 2000. It was an attempt by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger to create an English-language Internet encyclopedia. However, the creation of articles was conducted as customary to date. Authors applied. Their texts went through a peer review process and there was a chief editor.
\u201eOn January 15, 2001, Nupedia’s Wiki was launched on its own domain at wikipedia.com. This is considered the birth of Wikipedia.\u201c ![\"logo](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/crowdsourcing-wiki.jpg\")
\r\ncurrent Wikipedia logo (source: Wikipedia)<\/em><\/p>\r\nOriginally, Wikipedia was a “fun side-project” launched by Sanger. But the crowdsourcing project soon became the most important reference book for western culture.<\/p>\r\n\r\n
So much for our outing in the history of crowdsourcing. However, before we take a look at current developments, let’s take a closer look at the term.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n <\/p>\r\n
The term crowdsourcing<\/h2>\r\n
Jeff How first coined the term crowdsourcing in 2006. He wrote the following in the June 2006 issue of the magazine “Wired”:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u201cTechnological advances in everything from product design software to digital video\r\ncameras are breaking down the cost barriers that once separated amateurs from\r\nprofessionals. Hobbyists, part-timers, and dabblers suddenly have a market for their\r\nefforts, as smart companies in industries as disparate as pharmaceuticals and\r\ntelevision discover ways to tap the latent talent of the crowd. The labour isn\u2019t always\r\nfree, but it costs a lot less than paying traditional employees. It\u2019s not outsourcing; it\u2019s\r\ncrowdsourcing.\u201d<\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n\r\n <\/p>\r\n
Crowdsourcing today<\/h2>\r\nTypes of crowdsourcing<\/h3>\r\n
Crowdsourcing can be used in many areas. To better differentiate, crowdsourcing is today divided into the following six main types:<\/p>\r\n
\r\n- Collective Knowledge<\/strong>
- Microworking<\/strong>
- Creative content marketplaces<\/strong>
- Open Innovation and Ideas<\/strong>
- Crowd funding<\/strong>
- Engagement & Charity<\/strong>
This is why crowdsourcing is so attractive<\/h3>\r\nFinancial burden is minimized<\/h4>\r\n
The financial effort of a project such as the Oxford English Dictionary mentioned earlier would be enormous without the help of the crowd. Authors would have to be hired, work spaces rented and an infrastructure would have to be provided. Costs are significantly lower if a crowd can manage to put together a dictionary. The same applies to software tests. A single individual would never have the amount of hardware configurations found in a crowd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n
Time saving<\/h4>\r\n
However, crowdsourcing only experienced a boom with the development of Web 2.0 – the Internet form that permitted an interaction between users. <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n One of the first crowdsourcing projects of Web 2.0 and one of its most popular is the online encyclopedia, Wikipedia. <\/p>\r\n Wikipedia is probably based on an idea by the Internet pioneer, Rick Gates, who presented the idea of an encyclopedia in the World Wide Web to a Usenet newsgroup in 1993. However, the Interpedia project never got any further than the planning stage. Inspired by Richard Stallman in 1999, GNUPedia, did not make it either. <\/p>\r\n It ultimately became a “fun project.”<\/strong><\/p>\r\n Nupedia logo (source: Wikipedia)<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n Nupedia was founded in March 2000. It was an attempt by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger to create an English-language Internet encyclopedia. However, the creation of articles was conducted as customary to date. Authors applied. Their texts went through a peer review process and there was a chief editor. \u201eOn January 15, 2001, Nupedia’s Wiki was launched on its own domain at wikipedia.com. This is considered the birth of Wikipedia.\u201c current Wikipedia logo (source: Wikipedia)<\/em><\/p>\r\n Originally, Wikipedia was a “fun side-project” launched by Sanger. But the crowdsourcing project soon became the most important reference book for western culture.<\/p>\r\n\r\n So much for our outing in the history of crowdsourcing. However, before we take a look at current developments, let’s take a closer look at the term.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n <\/p>\r\n Jeff How first coined the term crowdsourcing in 2006. He wrote the following in the June 2006 issue of the magazine “Wired”:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n <\/p>\r\n Crowdsourcing can be used in many areas. To better differentiate, crowdsourcing is today divided into the following six main types:<\/p>\r\n The financial effort of a project such as the Oxford English Dictionary mentioned earlier would be enormous without the help of the crowd. Authors would have to be hired, work spaces rented and an infrastructure would have to be provided. Costs are significantly lower if a crowd can manage to put together a dictionary. The same applies to software tests. A single individual would never have the amount of hardware configurations found in a crowd.<\/p>\r\n\r\nCrowdsourcing in the age of Web 2.0<\/h3>\r\n
First attempts: from Interpedia to Nupedia and Wikipedia<\/h4>\r\n
\r\n\r\nThe term crowdsourcing<\/h2>\r\n
\u201cTechnological advances in everything from product design software to digital video\r\ncameras are breaking down the cost barriers that once separated amateurs from\r\nprofessionals. Hobbyists, part-timers, and dabblers suddenly have a market for their\r\nefforts, as smart companies in industries as disparate as pharmaceuticals and\r\ntelevision discover ways to tap the latent talent of the crowd. The labour isn\u2019t always\r\nfree, but it costs a lot less than paying traditional employees. It\u2019s not outsourcing; it\u2019s\r\ncrowdsourcing.\u201d<\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n\r\n
Crowdsourcing today<\/h2>\r\n
Types of crowdsourcing<\/h3>\r\n
\r\n
This is why crowdsourcing is so attractive<\/h3>\r\n
Financial burden is minimized<\/h4>\r\n
Time saving<\/h4>\r\n